What Types of Essay Topics Should You Write?

What Types of Essay Topics Should You Write?Are you searching for Berkeley Essay Topics? No doubt that you have been wondering what kinds of essays students need to write in order to pass the course and what makes an essay different from a statement. There are a number of issues to take into consideration when writing an essay, so it is important to do your homework before heading out to your class.It is important to know what Berkeley Essay Topics is. These topics cover all subjects, some of which are quite difficult. If you know what you are writing about, then you should be able to write about it. However, in the first instance, it is advisable to know about Berkeley Essay Topics before deciding on your topic.With regard to essay topics, we have Michael Feldman's book titled Essays by Michael Feldman and Dean Krystal. This is a comprehensive guide to all sorts of essay topics, ranging from words with content, to long arguments and essays, to moral-based and literary essays. One ca n find detailed essays covering the contemporary literature of all sorts, some of which are quite general and others of which are very elaborate.We have several online sources which include tips on what sort of essay you should write. Students can look at essays by various famous writers or even look up an essay by another student.There are online editors who are very much experienced and can edit your essays for you. The point to keep in mind is that no one is going to edit your essays for you - you have to write them yourself. The editor will only provide feedback on errors and/or suggestions that you can implement in order to make the essays better.Other sources that you can consult regarding Berkeley Essay Topics are your professor or tutor. This will allow you to get a feel for the style of an essay and how well you can write a novel. You should always get as much advice as possible from your teacher, because it helps you pick the best essay topics.With the help of Feldman's Es says by Michael Feldman and Dean Krystal, you will find out what sort of essays you should write. You will also get hints on what types of essay topics you should avoid and which types you should include.

Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism

Introduction In several parts of the world, immigrants have in most cases been perceived to be in competition with indigenous communities over one thing or the other. This has at times created a feeling of not being wanted among the communities within which they are living. However, the situation has conspicuously changed over time especially with the advent of globalization, civilization and adoption of accommodative systems of governance and in particular political democratization of societies.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Naturally, both the immigrants and the host communities have their own feelings and ideologies with regards to all these issues and in order to restore parity between these two groups, there have been attempts o f tracing, retaining and even replanting ones roots. It catches one’s attention that across all cultures, there seems to be an urge to closely guard what they define as their cultures and practices, at times going to great lengths to trace their roots of origin.1 In Smith’s book The White Teeth, for example, the idea of being assimilated into a new community does not seem to go down very well with Samad and Clara and consequently, they find it difficult to smoothly get adopted into the British culture which leads to their sense of lack of roots or a background. No matter how much they try, they are unable to firmly replant and even cement their roots in a new territory.2 In this context, they seem to be in search of an identity they can proudly associate with meaning, in a way, trying to cultivate a sense of belonging. This foundation, thus, provides us with a basic scope of why this proposal is important in interrogating the themes presented in the works of Smith and Kureishi. Arguments on the Themes There is ultimate an agreement that Smith and Kureishi’s works present debatable subjects both individually and collectively in relation to the differences in cultures or even to the lengths of sexuality and masculinity. At the same time, there exists a set of theories and arguments in relation to these subjects as presented through the available literature like Bhabha’s, The Other Question, Stereotype, Discrimination and the Discourse of Colonialism and even in Halla’s Cultural Identity and Diaspora. These debates, perhaps, assist us to accelerate discussion in post colonialism, more than any other period before, as a result of the awakening of the masses and the need to anchor oneself to a given background. Investigating the presentations in these works, therefore, becomes important in trying to question why the spirit of belongingness and identity arises in human beings Identity and Belonging The White Teeth presents the immi grants as a group of people who have come all from their respective background with hopes and expectations.3 However, to some extent, they are presented as a people who are oblivious of the challenges that face them in their new found land.Advertising Looking for proposal on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More importantly, they do not seem to have contemplated the idea of their roots and this realization hits the first generation of immigrants when the pressure to assimilate to British while preserving their cultures confronts them. At this point, many of them are in a dilemma and it becomes difficult for them to find a place in their new surroundings. All these issues can be related in several ways to many other occurrences of post colonialism. Repeatedly, the issue of physical differences arises in where the similarities and differences of individuals greatly seem to determine their association.4 Expecte dly, this raises the issue of discrimination which more often informs debate in many circles, and as Bhabha notes in The Other Question, it can be attributed to the theories of stereotypical thinking where things are looked at from the eyes of the way they have always been known to be, and what has always been in place. In other words it is a presentation of change within the context of accommodating varying differences There is an almost insatiable reference of the background of the immigrants at various points in the book. At one point there is mention of their background in one way or the other. A good example here is the point when Archibald is offered vouchers to somehow ensure that Clara doesn’t attend the next company event. This move was purely based on Clara’s background whereby, her being black allegedly made people uncomfortable in the last company event. This reference to Clara’s background further underlines why the idea of racism was, perhaps, prev alent and could still have some traces although negligibly. It is notable that Kureishi’s work, My Beautiful Launderette made significant impact in British and Asian cultures of the nighttimes and the eighties by portraying life in a black Britain.5 These works contributed in producing space for the articulation of both British matters as well as the Diaspora affairs. In fact, these works provided a platform for the British artistic and literary class to focus on multiculturalism, transnationalism, devolution and the association of blacks and Asians with the presumed indigenous British society, in post colonial times. By making such a provocation, one initiates an important debate which focuses on the affairs that could have been easily sidelined.6Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More We must not depart from the fact that both the immigrants’ and the locals or hosts are bound as people of different races and backgrounds, by the procession of a set of white teeth regardless of their backgrounds as outlined in Smith’s work. This may perhaps be a basis to explain why in the postcolonial governments and politics, issues of skin colour or by extension racial discrimination, have a cut a dominant position. The point here is that there is widely no great difference and there can be, as has been for a long time, mutual coexistence. Heritage and Legacy In trying to create ground for belonging, Smith uses the themes of heritage and legacy to try and connect the characters Samad and Magid. On one hand Magid is seemingly obsessed with the urge to have his sons to fulfill grandfather’s legacy of devotion to the people of Bengali. This serves as a clear demonstration of a need to have attributes that re late to ones roots that naturally arises.7 Hall looks at this ideology from the perspective that one cannot quite definitely speak of identity or belonging, without acknowledging its other side. In this context the other side could be the urge to relate to a certain culture or community.8 The idea of curving out or retaining an identity seems to be dominantly influenced by the cultures within which this new identity is being formed. The knowledge of their background informs what they do at present and how they go on with their lives currently. This can be demonstrated by integrating Hall’s argument or theory that there are primarily two types of identity where one is that which offers a sense of unity and commonality-what he calls identity as being, and another that presents an identification process, what he refers to as identity as becoming –which he looks at as a process of identification, which tends to reveal discontinuity in our identity formation.9 These theorie s underline the one important aspect: that of wanting to belong or to be associated with a society that has a certain clearly defined way of doing particular things. In other words there is the sense of retreating to the background.Advertising Looking for proposal on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Masculinity and Sexuality This discussion is significant and relevant to any debate on post colonial literature or any other form of media since it is after this period that most nations settled and looked back at the various formations of their human cluster. It is at this period still that there arose in depth interrogation into issues like sexuality. My beautiful Laundrette depicts this at some point where sexuality is looked at as purely natural in the sense that women and men are deemed to have distinct characteristics which remain for long unchanged and are to some extent unchangeable throughout history and irrespective of cultures.10 However, there is another point of view and argument on this topic which points to the artificiality of sexual and gender identities. At this point, there arises what is seen as ‘the constructed character of sexuality’ that is argued to have been tilted to negate the claim that sexuality has a natural and a distinctive shape and move ment. In relation to this whole matter though there seems to be an underlying factor that hold the view that sexual and11 gender identities vary across cultures and there might therefore be no harm intended when one tries to trace the root on any of these subjects. In trying to create or claim belonging to certain cultures, it will be found that the issue of masculinity pops its head and in this aspect is clearly captured in these two works as well as in the theories that look into the matters of human background or belonging. The Theories and their Relationship to the Subject Bhabha uses the theory of stereotype to argue that the colonial way of looking at the whole issue of change of cultures and the urge to belong and be associated with some culture is basically looked at from the eye of trying to maintain things as they have always been. This, he argues, happens as both the colonizer and the colonized take it to be the point of defense and the desire for originality.12 This desi re though is faced with the differences in colour, race and culture and this forms what the bulk of this debate. These stereotypical foundations are supported by what he calls fetishism which basically works to cement the need or the ideas of the stereotype. Hall looks at the integration of all these backgrounds and the search of identity and belonging to what he terms as ‘hybridinization’. His argument for this theory is that across a whole range of cultural forms, there exists a form of system where the dynamics that hold all these issues together is somehow able to associate important elements of the diversities from the master codes of the dominant culture and articulate them or disseminate them to bring about a certain meaning.13 This in essence may mean that these two diversified cultures although initially had significant connection might at the point where and when they mix, share some common identities and they may as well stop being looked at as individual ent ities. This kind of merging has seen the rise of concocted languages like the Jamaican English. This is a clear indication of this proposal as a way of looking into the relationship of some cultural practices in view of their background and their contribution to literature in post colonial times. Conclusion From the above documentations and arguments, it can be said that a lot of information has so far been brought to light with regards to masculinity, sexuality, heritage, legacy, identity and even belonging. However, there are still many issues that are yet to be utterly solved—especially regarding the unsolved differences that emerged from the colonial era and the post-colonial era as well—which necessitates the need for research. It is upon this need that the prospected study is proposed herein. Bibliography CHILD, P., Post-Colonial theory and English literature. (Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press, 1999). HALL, S., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). HOMI, B. K., The other question stereotype discrimination and the discourse of Colonialism in the location of culture. (New York: Routledge, 1983). KUREISHI, H., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996) SAID, E., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). SMITH, Z., White Teeth (London: Penguin Books, 2001). Footnotes 1 Edward, Said., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). 2 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Penguin Books, 2001). 3 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Penguin Books, 2001). 4 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 5 Hanif, Kureishi., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996). 6 Edward, Said., Culture and Imperialism (New York: Vintage Books, 1993). 7 Zadie, Smith., White Teeth. (London: Pengui n Books, 2001). 8 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 9 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). 10 Hanif, Kureishi., My beautiful Laundrette. Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 1996). 11 Peter Child., Post-Colonial theory and English literature. (Edinburg: Edinburgh University Press, 1999). 12 Bhaba, Homi K., The other question of stereotype, discrimination and the discourse of Colonialism in the location of culture. (New York: Routledge, 1983). 13 Stuart Hall., â€Å"Cultural Identity and Diaspora† in Mongia, Padmini (ed.) Contemporary Postcolonial Theory: A reader. (London: Arnold, 1996). This proposal on Proposal on identity, belonging and masculinity as presented in The White Teeth and My Beautiful Launderette in relation to the post colonialism was written and submitted by user Maya D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Diabeties In Native Americans Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System

Diabeties In Native Americans Essays - Diabetes, Endocrine System Diabeties In Native Americans Scott Johnson English 101 / 1314 Mrs. Wendalll 14 February, 2000 Diabetes in Native Americans The Native American way of life has certainly changed over the course of the last one hundred years. What used to be a very strong presence on the American frontier is now a humbled group of people pushed onto ground that nobody else wanted. Along with this change came diabetes, which now affects more than sixty percent of the Pima Indians in Arizona and fifty-seven percent of the Aberdeen area of the Indian Health Service (which includes North and South Dakota, Iowa and Nebraska)(Sandrick 42). Native Americans did not have a problem with this affliction until this century. Due to a sudden change in diet and lifestyle, Native Americans have experienced a sharp and sudden rise in diabetes. When the Native Americans were forced onto reservations they stopped hunting and preparing their own food. Instead the U. S. Government gave them food that their bodies were not used to digesting. Indians were not used to eating flour, lard, canned meats and poultry that are swimming in fat, and canned fruits and vegetables packed in sugary syrup (Sandrick 42). They had survived mainly on vegetables and lean buffalo meat that was prepared in a way that many generations before them had done. These foods had kept their bodies with sufficient nutrients for their daily routines and way of life. Their bodies could not handle the extra fat and sugar in their diet. This, coupled with a decrease in intense exercise increased obesity, and brought on the rise of diabetes. The sudden lack of exercise resulted in a large weight increase in the Native American community. Indians were used to roaming the countryside. They had to follow the buffalo or move to warmer weather. Now, they were put into permanent homes and handed their food. This created an overweight, obese group of people. When most of us think of the Great Indians of the last century, we think of a thin, well-defined figure standing stern and serious. When we think of a modern Indian, we have an image of a larger, more rounded type of person. A rounded, non-chiseled face has replaced the classic Indian, high cheekbone, profile. This makes it harder for their bodies to keep blood sugars at a normal level. The result is Type II diabetes. Native Americans most commonly get Type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is not as serious as Type I, but still has serious affects if not properly attended. Some complications include blindness, amputation, stroke, and early heart attack. With Type II diabetes, most of these side effects can be handled with a change in diet and a doctor approved exercise routine (Nash 52), but there is still a steady rise in the number of Indians being diagnosed with diabetes each year. Most (Native Americans) dont have access to what you and I would consider healthy foodgreen vegetables and fresh fruit, says DeCora, who founded the Porcupine Clinic on the Pine Ridge Reservation 16 years ago (Sandrick 42). Native Americans need to learn to prepare and eat different foods in order to eliminate this problem. They need to learn to adapt to their new situation in order to survive. The sudden and recent change in the Native American way of life has prompted many problems. The most serious problem is diabetes. Through education of the disease, and strict dietary and exercise routines the problem can be controlled. American Indians need to take these steps to make sure their culture is preserved. Nobody can change what has happened to the Native Americans in the past, but they can change what will happen to them in the future.

Fiscal or Monetary Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fiscal or Monetary - Research Paper Example This is because the article was written at a time when the global economy had generally recovered from the economic crunch and so there was much active economic performance in terms of buying and selling. Because the global economy had generally recovered from the recession, a lot more employment avenues had been created and investments had started among several multinational companies. Consequently, Mathai (2011) notes that â€Å"workers then use their increased income to buy more goods and services, further bidding up prices and wages and pushing generalized inflation upward.† The above points discussed not withstanding; there is a very clear tendency that if the author had written his article at the time of recession from 2007 to 2009, his points and opinions would have changed a great deal. For instance at the time of the recession, even though monetary policies that were geared at adjusting the supply of money in the economy were relevant, these supplies were not needed to stabilize prices. Clearly there was no active demand and supply interfaces and so the need to channel resources at inflation would not have been the most prudent option. In relation to the recession of 2007 to 2009 therefore, the author’s choice of monetary policy would have been directed at economic growth, which would have been a perfect response to the consequences of the recession that was being

The communication of Ants Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The communication of Ants - Essay Example Pheromone is a chemical signal that helps in the identification of the location of other ants. For purposes of receiving smell, ants use their mobile, thin and long antennae (Oller, 2008). Their paired antenna is able to provide information regarding the intensity of scents, and their direction. Because majority of these insects live on the ground, they are able to use the surface of the soil, for purposes of leaving a trail of pheromone, so that other ants may follow (Oller, 2008). For instance, when an ant finds a source of food, it will mark a trail of the source back to the colony. Other ants are able to follow this trail, and reinforce it when heading back with the food, to their colony. When the source of the food is exhausted, they will no longer leave a new trail, and the scent will slowly disappear (Oller, 2008). This behavior by ants is able to help it adapt to the various environmental changes that affects it. For example, when the source of food is blocked, an ant will explore new routes, and leave a trail of the new route for other ants to follow. Other ants would explore this route, for purposes of identifying other better

Concepts of Internet Privacy

Concepts of Internet Privacy Cyberspace and Internet Privacy According to (Choucri Clark, 2013) in the journal of â€Å"Who controls cyberspace† describe a new field of human communication which focused on the Internet and the hundreds of millions of processors the Internet attaches, and the data or information that delivers has become a fundamental and vital feature of society. It forms a new reality for just about each person in the developed world and a rising number in the developing world. In general, few governments practice direct control towards the cyberspace. They can utilize excessive influence by their ability to influence other actors by using regulation, enactment, venture and standards. The actors representing the interests of copyright holders also can’t practice direct control over internet or cyberspace and they must work indirectly through other actors, in particular the Internet service providers or ISP. As the cyberspace as get to be more easy to understand, more individuals are intersection into the computerized separation and securing their advanced personalities. The word cyberspace was coined by the science fiction author William Gibson, a consensual hallucination experienced daily by billions of legitimate operators in every nation, by children being taught mathematical concepts, a graphic representation of data extracted from the banks of every computer in the human system (Bryant, 2001). Gibsons the internet is accordingly not a space of passive information, for example, a library where its correspondence channels associate with this present reality, and permit the internet pilots to communicate with that world. The reference to computer science is imperative in a third admiration where artificial intelligence characterizes itself as a study of data and correspondence, and the internets substrate is definitely the joint system of all current correspondence stations and data s aves joining individuals and machines. Google is a capable, private segment on-screen character whose business is fundamentally focused on the Internet. Google has made an extensive variety of move, both direct and indirect, to utilize purposes of control to impact the character of the Internet. It has created another working framework for cell phones, Android, has created a program called Chrome, and gives YouTube, a standout amongst the most prevalent destinations on the Web. It has its own particular substance conveyance system with worldwide achieve and immediate association with numerous shopper confronting ISPs. In China, the state controls very nearly every choice point in the general methodology of the Internet structure and its key institutional underpinnings, and additionally any takeoffs from endorsed items or methodologies. China has developed a complex socio-technical structure to identify unsatisfactory substance and order its evacuation or change (Choucri and Clark, 2013, p. 27). On the other hand, privacy stresses human dignity and other critical values, for example, freedom of expression and flexibility of discourse. It has wind up being the most key human rights issues of the advanced age. The use of the Internet can affect the security benefits of an individual have in his or her identity or private data. Internet usage causes a huge amount of private information which offers impulses into ones character and identity. Protection as a system for arranging social relationship, especially in the middle of individuals and outside force foundations, has been described in distinctive ways. Privacy may be characterized as the case of people, groups or institutions to determine when, how and to what degree the data about them is conveyed to others (Westin, 1967). The idea of right to be left alone conveyed the conclusion of allow me to be alone to the freestanding, commonly to public and private institutions with ability and power. With the development of new technologies that increase and expand of the gatherers of individual data or information, there need to goings-on to arrange the people relationship with the external environment by providing the single person with control over information about themselves. As such, with the new characteristics of collaborating network media, the elements that are needed to ensure self- autonomy and self -governance also change. Therefore, the concept of privacy changes radically from maintaining passive liberty and freedom from external institutions intervention (Woo, 2006, p. 961). Today, privately owned companies are tracking the equivalent measure of our minutes as they can internet, offering that information or data to different companies who hence thus it to with law implementation and the organization. The equipment they use to do this tracking is developing rapidly and has been able to be particularly advanced, and individuals have unimportant shot of staying educated concerning what is happening when they surf, without taking into consideration making the complex steps imperative to stop this spying. In light of (Rodrigue, 2011) every individual has the right to freedom of expression which incorporates the right to talk, read, and interact, and which includes the right of individuals to use avoidance development and innovative apparatuses. Warren and Brandeis original paper on The Right to Privacy in 1980, drafted during a period when daily papers were printing pictures of individuals surprisingly, characterized the all right to be left alone. Their definition determined by an evolving advancement as is customarily the case with security was concerned with securing the untouched character and including such values as individual pride, specific fundamental toward oneself and opportunity. Freedom of expression, whether implemented by characters or by the media, and the ability to exercise it, is a necessary feature of any open, liberal and democratic society. It is only through practicing free expression that civilizations can sustain real democratic liability (Westin, 1967). In light of (Woo, 2006) a network client is regularly confronted with a decision between surrendering the profits and administrations of the site and giving at any rate a data, on the grounds that the utilization of numerous locales or administration is not permitted unless if different particular data is given out. System anonymity turns into a fundamental piece of keeping up the independence of system exercises. One of the main reasons for observing and monitoring internet users is to disallow violation of knowledgeable property right or to prevent cybercrime. Indeed some software holds secret connections to serves that allow them to pass along with numerous of information and data in regards to when customers utilize the product. Important to concerns of free speech and democracy, anonymity might stay the only way for regular individuals to defend themselves from governments and private sectors active use and profiling of their personal information in the networked environment. Un der the current conditions, the main path for system clients to be guaranteed a base measure of security on the web would be to hide their character or give a false data. Identity theft is one of the quickest developing unlawful acts or crimes. Consumers are getting to be progressively worried about data fraud, especially with the multiplication of e- commerce and banking online. Data fraud and misrepresentation might be a gigantic trouble on the exploited person, both fiscally and mentally. This profoundly ability character criminals use various methods in endeavors to get access to your private data. In a few cases they get data from formations or organizations by taking records, repaying workers who have entry to these records, hacking modernized records, or essentially conning data from representatives. There are other fake practices incorporate skimming and phishing

Explain How the Understanding of Peace Is Expressed Through the Sacred Texts in 2 Religious Traditions Essay

By looking into their sacred texts and teachings on peace, we can gain a valuable insight into how these religions explain peace. The teaching of peace is central to Christianity. They use the sacred text of the bible, mostly the New Testament with emphasis on the Gospels as the source for teachings on peace. The New Testament states peace as a virtue and identifies it as a key element of God. Christians use Jesus’ example to illustrate the ideal model for peace in their lives. This model allows for adherents to understand the peace of God through the gift of the Holy Spirit and peace in relationships whereby Christians are expected to work in harmony with others in order to achieve peace As well as this the teaching on war and peace â€Å"love your neighbour as yourself. †(Matthew) and the teaching on peace and justice are both exemplified by Pope John XXIII’s notion that there can only be peace if there is justice. The Christian teaching on peace revolves around the covenant relationship between the adherent and God. This peace is given by Christ and is shown in the sacred texts of the New Testament â€Å"My peace I leave with you,† and is described as â€Å"one of the fruits with the spirit. †(Galatians). Jesus tells his followers that â€Å"in me you may have peace,† (John) suggesting that the concept of spiritual peace is embodied in the teachings of Jesus Christ. The importance of peace is clear in the Beatitudes were Jesus stated â€Å"blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God†. Christians believe that through baptism they have been called to follow Jesus’ as their model in life. By following his example, Christians acquire peace by obeying the commands of Jesus and therefore the principle teachings of Christianity â€Å"You must love your neighbour as you love yourself. † The bible states that Christians can achieve peace through the specific teaching of Jesus to forgive those who have wronged you. â€Å"If he wrongs you†¦you must forgive him. † (Luke). Forgiveness and compassion is at the heart of the Bibles message. Further to this, Christians can achieve peace through their practice of individual and communal prayer. The Christian biblical view on peace is one that demonstrates the idea that they should work for it. Through the beatitudes, Christians are encouraged to be the peacemakers in society. â€Å"Blessed are the peacemakers for they will be called the children of God. † Further to this, Christians believe in the sanctity of life through the covenant of the 10 commandments which state â€Å"Thou shall not kill. † Peace is work of justice and the effect of charity. In the case of conflict, Christians resort to the idea of violence being a last resort and refer to the Just War theory in order to determine whether conflict is applicable. The bible teaches adherents to promote peace on an international level, aiming to work for peace, justice and reconciliation. Islam like Christianity was a religion founded on the virtue of peace. Islam is referred to in the Qur’an as â€Å"the paths of peace† and it is taught that peace must always be actively sought out by Muslims. The Qur’an sees reconciliation as a basic stance and states that Allah abhors the disturbance of peace. Muslims too believe that there can only be peace if there is justice. In Islam, peace takes a variety of forms. It is seen as a quality of personal tranquillity and fulfilment bestowed by Allah to reward submission. This surrender of mental and physical devotion begins with the concept of Dhikr, the remembrance of Allah in all aspects of Muslim life. The Qur’an states that â€Å"In remembrance of God do hearts fins satisfaction. † This concept is embodied by the 5 pillars of Islam. Through the Salat, attention is drawn to Allah, marginalising distraction in order to devote more fully to the divine. Sawm and Zakat illustrate physical sacrifices for Islam which allows the adherent to appreciate Allah’s role as of life. The Hajj focuses on morality by allowing the adherent o come closer to Allah in their individual search of inner peace. Along with this, the study of the sacred texts of Islam, the Qur’an and Hadith equips adherents with necessary theological understanding for a meaningful life of submission which in turn brings peace. This study allows Muslims to understand peace being a reward for following the teachings of Allah and his prophet Mohammad. Peace be upon you because you have persevered. † Another concept of achieving peace is through collective worship. It encourages commitment in the struggle against the greater Jihad. Like Christianity, Islam encourages adherents to strive for peace. Both typify the complex relationship between religion and peace. The standard greeting to another person in Arabic is â€Å"As-Salamu-Alaykum (Peace be with you) † (Qur’an), which encourages Muslims to â€Å"Promote peace among men. † (Sura). There are various organisations in Islam that promote peace. E. g. The Islamic Conference which promotes world peace and safeguards the interest of the Muslim world. The understanding of peace throughout both Christianity and Islam has been influenced by their sacred texts. It is ultimately through the interpretation of these texts that adherents learn the values of peace. They all demonstrate that peace is not merely the absence of conflict, but is also a complex intertwined system of teachings and that there are various avenues to achieving the ideal state of peace.